Effects of dietary fish oil supplementation on performance, meat quality, and cecal fermentation of growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil on growth performance (during all fatening period), carcass characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profile of muscle and fat tissues (at slaughter), as well as cecal fermentation and ileal mucosa morphology of growing rabbits (at 30, 45, and 60 d of age). Two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, only differing in their fat source, were formulated and provided each to 24 does (12 per diet) and their offspring during pregnancy and lactation. The control diet contained 4.59 g of n-3 per 100 g of total FA, and the enriched diet contained 14.9 g of n-3 per 100 g of total FA. From weaning (30 d of age) to slaughter (60 d), the litters (12 per diet; 8 kits each) continued fed the corresponding experimental diet. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between groups in ADFI, ADG and G:F ratio during the growing period. At slaughter, BW, full gastrointestinal tract weight, carcass yield, meat color and pH, drip loss percentage, content of scapular fat and tissue composition of the left hind leg were similar between groups (P > 0.05), but perirenal fat was lower P = 0.020) and skin weight and abdominal fat tended to be lower (P = 0.055 and P = 0.063, respectively) in enriched rabbits than in control ones. Total PUFA content in both LM and perirenal fat was greater (P = 0.021 and < 0.001, respectively) in enriched rabbits, that also showed lower n-6/n-3 ratios in LM (1.61 vs. 5.80; P < 0.001) and perirenal fat (4.71 vs. 12.0; P < 0.001) than those fed the control diet. Cecal concentrations of total VFA were greater (P < 0.001) in enriched than in control group at 30, 45 and 60 d of age, but diet did not affect (P = 0.332) VFA profile, with the exception of a lower (P = 0.013) proportion of minor VFA (sum of isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate) in control group. Diet did not affect (P > 0.255) either pH and NH3-N concentrations in the cecum or ileal morphology (crypt depth and villi length). The results showed that dietary fish oil supplementation enhanced beneficial long-chain n-3 FA and decreased n-6/ n-3 ratio in rabbit meat and fat, being healthier for human consumption, without having negative effects on growth performance, cecal fermentation, and ileal morphology or carcass characteristics.