Modeling of inclined ground surface movements and deformations due to tunneling

Inclined ground surface movements due to tunneling are modeled using the stochastic medium theory. The principal difference between the characteristics of horizontal and inclined ground surface movement lies in that at different position of the inclined ground surface, the radius of influence zone changes. According the changes of the radius of influence zone and stochastic medium theory, the formulated ground movement equations are proposed and coded in a computer program. A calculating example has been made to show the characteristics of inclined ground surface settlement profile, and the influencing factors, i.e. the slopes of inclined surface, the different degrees of ground loss, have been discussed. The results of this study show that the developed methodology can be used to model inclined ground settlement profiles reasonably well, and can be found application in the evaluation of tunneling-induced environmental impact on structures located at inclined ground surface.