On the ineffectiveness of constant rotation in the primitive equations and their symmetry analysis

Modern weather and climate prediction models are based on a system of nonlinear partial differential equations called the primitive equations. Lie symmetries of the primitive equations with zero external heating rate are computed and the structure of its maximal Lie invariance algebra, which is infinite-dimensional, is studied. The maximal Lie invariance algebra for the case of a nonzero constant Coriolis parameter is mapped to the case of vanishing Coriolis force. The same mapping allows one to transform the constantly rotating primitive equations to the equations in a resting reference frame. This mapping is used to obtain exact solutions for the rotating case from exact solutions for the nonrotating equations. Another important result of the paper is the computation of the complete point symmetry group of the primitive equations using the algebraic method. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.