Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change

被引：1588

作者：

Diaz, Sandra ^{[1
,2
]}

Settele, Josef ^{[3
,4
]}

Brondizio, Eduardo S. ^{[5
]}

Ngo, Hien T. ^{[6
]}

Agard, John ^{[7
]}

Arneth, Almut ^{[8
]}

Balvanera, Patricia ^{[9
]}

Brauman, Kate A. ^{[10
]}

Butchart, Stuart H. M. ^{[11
,12
]}

Chan, Kai M. A. ^{[13
]}

Garibaldi, Lucas A. ^{[14
]}

Ichii, Kazuhito ^{[15
,16
]}

Liu, Jianguo ^{[17
]}

Subramanian, Suneetha M. ^{[18
,19
]}

Midgley, Guy F. ^{[20
]}

Miloslavich, Patricia ^{[21
,22
,23
]}

Molnar, Zsolt ^{[24
]}

Obura, David ^{[25
,26
]}

Pfaff, Alexander ^{[27
,30
]}

Polasky, Stephen ^{[28
,29
]}

Purvis, Andy ^{[31
]}

Razzaque, Jona ^{[32
]}

Reyers, Belinda ^{[33
,34
]}

Chowdhury, Rinku Roy ^{[35
]}

Shin, Yunne-Jai ^{[36
,37
]}

Visseren-Hamakers, Ingrid ^{[38
,39
]}

Willis, Katherine J. ^{[40
,41
]}

Zayas, Cynthia N. ^{[42
]}

机构：

[1] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal IMBIV, Cordoba, Argentina

[2] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fisicas & Nat, Casilla Correo 495, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina

[3] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Community Ecol, Halle, Germany

[4] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany

[5] Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA

[6] Intergovt Platform Biodivers & Ecosyst Serv IPBES, United Nations Campus,Pl Vereinten Nationen 1, D-53113 Bonn, Germany

[7] Univ West Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine Campus, Signal Hill, Trinidad Tobago

[8] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Environm Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany

[9] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Ecosistemas & Sustentabilidad, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico

[10] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, 325 Learning & Environm Sci,1954 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

[11] BirdLife Int, David Attenborough Bldg,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England

[12] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England

[13] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC, Canada

[14] Univ Nacl Rio Negro, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Invest Recursos Nat Agroecol & Desarrollo Ru, Mitre 630, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[15] Chiba Univ, Ctr Environm Remote Sensing, Inage Ku, 1-33 Yayoi Cho, Chiba 263852, Japan

[16] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan

[17] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA

[18] UNU Inst Adv Study Sustainabil, Tokyo, Japan

[19] UNU Int Inst Global Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

[20] Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Global Change Biol Grp, P Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa

[21] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarct Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia

[22] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org CSIRO Oceans & Atm, Hobart, Tas, Australia

[23] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Estudios Ambientales, Caracas, Venezuela

[24] Magyar Tud Acad, Inst Ecol & Bot, Ctr Ecol Res, H-2163 Vacratot, Hungary

[25] Coastal Oceans Res & Dev Indian Ocean CORDIO East, Mombasa, Kenya

[26] Univ Queensland, Global Climate Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia

[27] Duke Univ, Sanford Sch Publ Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA

[28] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

[29] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

[30] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England

[31] Imperial Coll London, Grand Challenges Ecosyst & Environm, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[32] Univ West England, Fac Business & Law, Dept Law, Bristol, Avon, England

[33] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden

[34] Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Conservat Ecol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa

[35] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA

[36] Univ Montpellier, Marine Biodivers Exploitat & Conservat MARBEC Res, IRD, IFREMER,CNRS, Montpellier, France

[37] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Dept Biol Sci, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa

[38] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[39] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Management Res, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[40] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3AE, Surrey, England

[41] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, LongTerm Ecol Lab, Oxford OX1 3SZ, England

[42] Univ Philippines, Ctr Int Studies, Diliman, Philippines

来源：

SCIENCE | 2019年 / 366卷 / 6471期

关键词：

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; NATURES CONTRIBUTIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; CARBON; POLLINATORS; IMPACTS; LAND;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aax3100

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The human impact on life on Earth has increased sharply since the 1970s, driven by the demands of a growing population with rising average per capita income. Nature is currently supplying more materials than ever before, but this has come at the high cost of unprecedented global declines in the extent and integrity of ecosystems, distinctness of local ecological communities, abundance and number of wild species, and the number of local domesticated varieties. Such changes reduce vital benefits that people receive from nature and threaten the quality of life of future generations. Both the benefits of an expanding economy and the costs of reducing nature's benefits are unequally distributed. The fabric of life on which we all depend-nature and its contributions to people-is unravelling rapidly. Despite the severity of the threats and lack of enough progress in tackling them to date, opportunities exist to change future trajectories through transformative action. Such action must begin immediately, however, and address the root economic, social, and technological causes of nature's deterioration.

引用

页码：1327 / +

页数：32

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