The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in athletes and non-athletes: single- or double-bundle; review

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) consists of two functional bundles, the anteromedial bundle, and the posterolateral bundle. Furthermore, these bundles work synergistically to provide knee anteroposterior and rotational stability. ACL injury causes reduce the function, balance, and destruction of the knee joint. This review was performed to describe current information on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and its effect on activities of athletes and non-athletes as well as express the difference between "single-bundle" and "double-bundle". Methods: Different databases were checked and analyzed to wrote this review. Results: Anterior cruciate ligament injury is common among athletes and even non-athletes. Because of the prevalence of ACL rupture, the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most frequently performed orthopedic surgeries. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has evolved significantly over the past 40 years. Reconstruction of ACL in the double-bundle technique is advocated more closely restore the function of the native ligament than the conventional single-bundle technique. Previous research has shown that double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament replacement has a considerable advantage in anterior and rotational stability when compared to single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament restoration. However, because to the difficulty of the double-bundle, most surgeons consider the single-bundle to be the preferable method of ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: ACL Injuries in athletes were extensively studied, however many ACL lesions are seen in non-athletes as a result of low-grade recreational activities which is not well addressed. Because performing the appropriate method of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction will be related to the continuation of activities and the life quality of individuals.