Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to acaricides in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is one of the most important ectoparasites of bovines, requiring adoption of control measures mainly in Bos taurus herds and its crossbreeds. Its control has becoming increasingly difficult due to selection of resistant populations by commercial products. This study aimed to know the status of cattle tick resistance to acaricides in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. From October 2003 to October 2006 acaricide bioassays were conducted on cattle ticks from eleven of the most important livestock regions of the state. Adult immersion tests using regular commercial products according to label recommendations were followed by the evaluation of biological parameters. Twelve acaricide products containing one or more of seven active ingredients, from three chemical classes: amidine (amitraz), synthetic pyrethroid (cypermethrin), and organophosphates (chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyriphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, and ethion) were tested. Low tick susceptibility was observed in all ranches, with several populations showing virtually no susceptibility to one or more products. Despite the great variation of susceptibility shown by the populations to each acaricide, a gradient of efficacy of these products was observed. Regardless of the acaricide class, the average efficacy of products containing a single active ingredient (19.94%-64.27%) was generally lower than that showed by the mixtures, pyrethroid-organophosphate (46.38%-82.68%) and between organophosphates (85.28%-97.68%). The mixture containing pyrethroid + OF + synergist + repellent (cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos + citronellal + piperonyl butoxide) showed 100% efficacy, although it was tested in a smaller number of populations. Although comparisons with a susceptible strain have not been made, the low efficacy showed by the several different products tested, strongly suggests that tick resistance is widespread in the state. For this reason, it is recommended the routine peruse of susceptibility tests before selection and use of acaricide products for tick control.