The evolution of Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) and future trends

The tremendous Internet traffic growth has confirmed that the telecommunications back-bone is moving aggressively from a time division multiplexing (TDM) orientation to a focus on Ethernet solution. Ethernet PON, which presents the convergence of low-cost Ethernet and fiber infrastructures, has taken over the market initially dominated by Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and cable modems. It is a new technology that is simple, inexpensive, and scalable, having the ability to deliver massive data services to end-users over a single network. This paper reviewed the evolution of Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON), with focus on the current development process of the future high-data-rate access networks such as Next-Generation Passive Optical Network Stage 2 (NG-PON2), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) PON, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) PON. In addition, the recently concluded 100 Gb Ethernet Passive Optical Network (100G-EPON) is reviewed with the aim of highlighting the recent developments in the field. With this comprehensive and up-to-date review, we equip network operators and interested practitioners to focus on common priorities and timelines. Another goal of this study is to identify technical remedies for future investigation. (C) 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.