Immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoints inhibitors in 2019: An update

Use of checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer was one of the most important revolution these last years and an increasing number of new types of tumors is currently under investigation with these new treatments. However, immune-related adverse events associated with these agents frequently affect various organs, mimicking auto-immune or inflammatory diseases. Some of these effects can be severe, often requiring hospitalization and specialized treatment (immunosuppression). Most known agents are ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) nivolumab and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibodies). New molecules are now approved or in development as anti-PD-L1 antibodies, anti-LAG-3 or anti-TIM-3 antibodies, increasing the probability and new description of immune-related adverse events. With his experience in auto-immune diseases, the immunologist/internal medicine specialist has an important role in the management of these toxicities. The goal of this review is to focus on the incidence, diagnostic assessment and recommended management of the most relevant immune-related adverse events. (C) 2019 Societe Nationale Francaise de Medecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.