Implementing systematic review techniques in chemical risk assessment: Challenges, opportunities and recommendations

被引：59

作者：

Whaley, Paul ^{[1
]}

Halsall, Crispin ^{[1
]}

Agerstrand, Marlene ^{[2
]}

Aiassa, Elisa ^{[4
]}

Benford, Diane ^{[3
]}

Bilotta, Gary ^{[5
]}

Coggon, David ^{[6
]}

Collins, Chris ^{[23
]}

Dempsey, Ciara ^{[14
]}

Duarte-Davidson, Raquel ^{[7
]}

FitzGerald, Rex ^{[8
]}

Galay-Burgos, Malyka ^{[24
]}

Gee, David ^{[9
]}

Hoffmann, Sebastian ^{[10
]}

Lam, Juleen ^{[11
]}

Lasserson, Toby ^{[12
]}

Levy, Len ^{[13
]}

Lipworth, Steven ^{[14
]}

Ross, Sarah Mackenzie ^{[15
]}

Martin, Olwenn ^{[9
]}

Meads, Catherine ^{[16
]}

Meyer-Baron, Monika ^{[17
]}

Miller, James ^{[18
]}

Pease, Camilla ^{[19
]}

Rooney, Andrew ^{[20
]}

Sapiets, Alison ^{[21
]}

Stewart, Gavin ^{[22
]}

Taylor, David ^{[14
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England

[2] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[3] Food Stand Agcy, Aviat House,125 Kingsway, London WC2B 6NH, England

[4] European Food Safety Author, Assessment & Methodol Support Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1-A, I-43126 Parma, Italy

[5] Univ Brighton, Aquat Res Ctr, Lewes Rd, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England

[6] Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England

[7] Publ Hlth England, Ctr Radiat Chem & Environm Hazards, Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England

[8] Univ Basel, Swiss Ctr Appl Human Toxicol, Missionsstr 64, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland

[9] Brunel Univ London, Inst Environm Hlth & Soc, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England

[10] EBTC, Stembergring 15, D-33106 Paderborn, Germany

[11] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

[12] Cochrahe Cent Execut, Cochrane Editorial Unit, St Albans House,57-9 Haymarket, London SW1Y 4QX, England

[13] Cranfield Univ, Inst Environm Hlth Risks and Futures, Sch Energy Environm & Agrifood, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England

[14] Royal Soc Chem, Burlington House, London W1J 0BA, England

[15] UCL, Res Dept Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England

[16] Brunel Univ London, Hlth Econ Res Grp, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England

[17] Leibniz Res Ctr Working Environm & Human Factors, Neurobehav Toxicol, Ardeystr 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany

[18] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford 0X10 8BB, Oxon, England

[19] Ramboll Environ, 1 Broad Gate, Leeds LS1 8EQ, W Yorkshire, England

[20] Natl Inst Environm Sci NIEHS, DHHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA

[21] Syngenta Ltd, Jealotts Hill Int Res Ctr, Bracknell RG42 6EY, Berks, England

[22] Univ Newcastle Tyne, Ctr Rural Econ, Sch Agr Food & Rural Dev, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England

[23] Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Sch Archaeol Geog & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6DW, Berks, England

[24] ECETOC, Ave Edmond Van Nieuwenhuyse 2 Bte 8, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium

来源：

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL | 2016年 / 92-93卷

关键词：

Risk assessment; Research synthesis; Environment; Chemicals; Systematic review; Toxicology; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH SCIENCE; METAANALYSIS; QUALITY; WASTE; BIAS; TOOL;

D O I：

10.1016/j.envint.2015.11.002

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Systematic review (SR) is a rigorous, protocol-driven approach designed to minimise error and bias when summarising the body of research evidence relevant to a specific scientific question. Taking as a comparator the use of SR in synthesising research in healthcare, we argue that SR methods could also pave the way for a "step change" in the transparency, objectivity and communication of chemical risk assessments (CRA) in Europe and elsewhere. We suggest that current controversies around the safety of certain chemicals are partly due to limitations in current CRA procedures which have contributed to ambiguity about the health risks posed by these substances. We present an overview of how SR methods can be applied to the assessment of risks from chemicals, and indicate how challenges in adapting SR methods from healthcare research to the CRA context might be overcome. Regarding the latter, we report the outcomes from a workshop exploring how to increase uptake of SR methods, attended by experts representing a wide range of fields related to chemical toxicology, risk analysis and SR Priorities which were identified include: the conduct of CRA-focused prototype SRs; the development of a recognised standard of reporting and conduct for SRs in toxicology and CRA; and establishing a network to facilitate research, communication and training in SR methods. We see this paper as a milestone in the creation of a research climate that fosters communication between experts in CRA and SR and facilitates wider uptake of SR methods into CRA. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

引用

页码：556 / 564

页数：9

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