A Comprehensive Review of Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Coal-Related Materials

被引:128
作者
Zhang, Wencai [1 ]
Noble, Aaron [1 ]
Yang, Xinbo [2 ]
Honaker, Rick [2 ]
机构
[1] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Min & Minerals Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
[2] Univ Kentucky, Dept Min Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
关键词
rare earth elements; recovery; coal; acid mine drainage; coal combustion byproducts; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION; FLY-ASH; BY-PRODUCTS; FIRE-CLAY; SELECTIVE PRECIPITATION; CHEMICAL-EXTRACTION; METALS; GEOCHEMISTRY; REMOVAL;
D O I
10.3390/min10050451
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
Many studies have been published in recent years focusing on the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from coal-related materials, including coal, coal refuse, coal mine drainage, and coal combustion byproducts particularly fly ash. The scientific basis and technology development have been supported by coal geologists and extractive metallurgists, and through these efforts, the concept has progressed from feasibility assessment to pilot-scale production over the last five years. Physical beneficiation, acid leaching, ion-exchange leaching, bio-leaching, thermal treatment, alkali treatment, solvent extraction, and other recovery technologies have been evaluated with varying degrees of success depending on the feedstock properties. In general, physical beneficiation can be a suitable low-cost option for preliminary upgrading; however, most studies showed exceedingly low recovery values unless ultrafine grinding was first performed. This finding is largely attributed to the combination of small RE-bearing mineral particle size and complex REE mineralogy in coal-based resources. Alternatively, direct chemical extraction by acid was able to produce moderate recovery values, and the inclusion of leaching additives, alkaline pretreatment, and/or thermal pretreatment considerably improved the process performance. The studies reviewed in this article revealed two major pilot plants where these processes have been successfully deployed along with suitable solution purification technologies to continuously produce high-grade mixed rare earth products (as high as +95%) from coal-based resources. This article presents a systematic review of the recovery methods, testing outcomes, and separation mechanisms that are involved in REE extraction from coal-related materials. The most recent findings regarding the modes of occurrence of REEs in coal-related materials are also included.
引用
收藏
页数:28
相关论文
共 145 条
[11]   The aqueous geochemistry of the rare earth elements.: Part XIV.: The solubility of rare earth element phosphates from 23 to 150 °C [J].
Cetiner, ZS ;
Wood, SA ;
Gammons, CH .
CHEMICAL GEOLOGY, 2005, 217 (1-2) :147-169
[12]   Comprehensive phase characterization of crystalline and amorphous phases of a Class F fly ash [J].
Chancey, Ryan T. ;
Stutzman, Paul ;
Juenger, Maria C. G. ;
Fowler, David W. .
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, 2010, 40 (01) :146-156
[13]   FROTH FLOTATION OF MONAZITE AND XENOTIME [J].
CHENG, TW ;
HOLTHAM, PN ;
TRAN, T .
MINERALS ENGINEERING, 1993, 6 (04) :341-351
[14]   Studies on removal of metal ions and sulphate reduction using rice husk and Desulfotomaculum nigrificans with reference to remediation of acid mine drainage [J].
Chockalingam, E ;
Subramanian, S .
CHEMOSPHERE, 2006, 62 (05) :699-708
[15]  
Chu S., 2011, Critical materials strategy
[16]   Selective formation of copper nanoparticles from acid mine drainage using nanoscale zerovalent iron particles [J].
Crane, R. A. ;
Sapsford, D. J. .
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 2018, 347 :252-265
[17]   Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations [J].
Cravotta, Charles A., III .
APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY, 2008, 23 (02) :166-202
[18]   Mineralogy and geochemistry of trace metals and REE in volcanic massive sulfide host rocks, stream sediments, stream waters and acid mine drainage from the Lousal mine area (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal) [J].
da Silva, E. Ferreira ;
Bobos, I. ;
Matos, J. Xavier ;
Patinha, C. ;
Reis, A. P. ;
Fonseca, E. Cardoso .
APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY, 2009, 24 (03) :383-401
[19]   Coal as a promising source of critical elements: Progress and future prospects [J].
Dai, Shifeng ;
Finkelman, Robert B. .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY, 2018, 186 :155-164
[20]   Anomalies of rare metals in Lopingian super-high-organic-sulfur coals from the Yishan Coalfield, Guangxi, China [J].
Dai, Shifeng ;
Xie, Panpan ;
Ward, Colin R. ;
Yan, Xiaoyun ;
Guo, Wenmu ;
French, David ;
Graham, Ian T. .
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS, 2017, 88 :235-250