THE VIRTUES NEEDED BY EXPERTS IN ACTION

被引:3
作者
Lavazza, Andrea [1 ]
Farina, Mirko [2 ]
机构
[1] Ctr Univ Int, Neuroeth, Via Antonio Garbasso 42, I-52100 Arezzo, AR, Italy
[2] Innopolis Univ, Inst Humanities & Social Sci, Philosophy, 1 Univ Skaya St, Innopolis 420500, Russia
来源
EPISTEMOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-EPISTEMOLOGIYA I FILOSOFIYA NAUKI | 2021年 / 58卷 / 04期
关键词
experts; virtues; epistemology; policy making; EPISTEMIC INJUSTICE; ETHICS;
D O I
10.5840/eps202158466
中图分类号
B [哲学、宗教];
学科分类号
01 ; 0101 ;
摘要
The current Covid-19 pandemic is illustrative of both the need of more experts and of the difficulties that can arise in the face of their decisions. This happens, we argue, because experts usually interact with society through a strongly naturalistic framework, which often places experts' epistemic authority (understood as neutrality and objectivity) at the centre, sometimes at the ex -penses of other pluralistic values (such as axiological ones) that people (often non-experts) cherish. In this paper, we argue that we need to supplement such a strong naturalistic framework used to promote epistemic authority with a number of virtues-both intellectual and ethical-which include i. intellectual humility, ii. courage, iii. wisdom and cares, as well as iv. relational autonomy. To illustrate this claim, we discuss these ideas in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and analyse a set of real-life examples where important decisions have been dele-gated to experts merely based on their epistemic authority. We use the illustrative failures described in the case studies above-mentioned to call for a revision of current understandings of exper-tise (merely based on epistemic soundness). Specifically, we argue that in social contexts we increasingly need "experts in action"; that is, people with certified specialist knowledge, who can however translate it into practical suggestions, decisions, and/or public poli-cies that are ethically more balanced and that ultimately lead to fairer, more inclusive, and more representative decisions.
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页码:142 / 157
页数:16
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