Apoptosis of inflammatory cells in immune control of the nervous system: Role of glia

被引:104
作者
Pender, MP
Rist, MJ
机构
[1] Univ Queensland, Dept Med, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia
[2] Royal Brisbane Hosp, Dept Neurol, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
关键词
T cell; microglia; astrocyte; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; multiple sclerosis;
D O I
10.1002/glia.1103
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
The elimination of inflammatory cells within the central nervous system (CNS) by apoptosis plays an important role in protecting the CNS from immune-mediated damage. T cells, B cells, macrophages, and microglia all undergo apoptosis in the CNS. The apoptotic elimination of CNS-reactive T cells is particularly important, as these cells can recruit and activate other inflammatory cells. T-cell apoptosis contributes to the resolution of CNS inflammation and clinical recovery from attacks of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of the demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). T-cell apoptosis in the CNS in EAE occurs in both an antigen-specific and an antigen-nonspecific manner. In antigen-specific T-cell apoptosis, it is proposed that T cells that recognize their antigen in the CNS, such as CNS-reactive T cells, are deleted by the process of activation-induced apoptosis after activation of the T-cell receptor. This may result from the ligation of T-cell death receptors (such as CD95 (Fas) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1) by CD95 ligand (CD95L) or TNF expressed by the same T cell or possibly by microglia, astrocytes or neurons. Inadequate costimulation of the T cell by antigen-presenting glial cells may render T cells susceptible to activation-induced apoptosis. T cells expressing CD95 may also die in an antigen-nonspecific manner after interacting with glial cells expressing CD95L. Other mechanisms for antigen-nonspecific T-cell apoptosis include the endogenous release of glucocorticosteroids, deprivation of interleukin-2, and the release of nitric oxide by macrophages or glia. Apoptosis of autoreactive T cells in the CNS is likely to be important in preventing the development of autoimmune CNS diseases such as MS. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:137 / 144
页数:8
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