共 124 条
Spin dynamics in single-molecule magnets and molecular qubits
被引:109
作者:

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Ruiz, Eliseo
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan & Organ, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Inst Recerca Quim Teor & Computac, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan & Organ, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain
机构:
[1] Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan & Organ, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain
[2] Univ Barcelona, Inst Recerca Quim Teor & Computac, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain
[3] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Quim Mat, Santiago 9170022, Chile
关键词:
LATTICE-RELAXATION;
COHERENCE TIMES;
QUANTUM COHERENCE;
LONG COHERENCE;
ARCHITECTURE;
NANOMAGNETS;
VIBRATIONS;
DESIGN;
ORIGIN;
STATE;
D O I:
10.1039/d0dt01414a
中图分类号:
O61 [无机化学];
学科分类号:
070301 ;
081704 ;
摘要:
Over recent decades, much effort has been made to lengthen spin relaxation/decoherence times of single-molecule magnets and molecular qubits by following different chemical design rules such as maximizing the total spin value, controlling symmetry, enhancing the ligand field or inhibiting key vibrational modes. Simultaneously, electronic structure calculations have been employed to provide an understanding of the processes involved in the spin dynamics of molecular systems and served to refine or introduce new design rules. This review focuses on contemporary theoretical approaches focused on the calculation of spin relaxation/decoherence times, highlighting their main features and scope. Fundamental aspects of experimental techniques for the determination of key Single Molecule Magnet/Spin Qubit properties are also reviewed.
引用
收藏
页码:9916 / 9928
页数:13
相关论文
共 124 条
[21]
High performance single-molecule magnets, Orbach or Raman relaxation suppression?
[J].
Castro-Alvarez, Alejandro
;
Gil, Yolimar
;
Llanos, Leonel
;
Aravena, Daniel
.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS,
2020, 7 (13)
:2478-2486

Castro-Alvarez, Alejandro
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Quim Mat, Fac Quim & Biol, Casilla 40,Correa 33, Santiago, Chile Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Quim Mat, Fac Quim & Biol, Casilla 40,Correa 33, Santiago, Chile

Gil, Yolimar
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Quim & Farmaceut, Dept Quim Inorgan & Analit, Santiago, Chile Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Quim Mat, Fac Quim & Biol, Casilla 40,Correa 33, Santiago, Chile

Llanos, Leonel
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Quim Mat, Fac Quim & Biol, Casilla 40,Correa 33, Santiago, Chile Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Quim Mat, Fac Quim & Biol, Casilla 40,Correa 33, Santiago, Chile

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
[22]
Decoherence in Molecular Electron Spin Qubits: Insights from Quantum Many-Body Simulations
[J].
Chen, Jia
;
Hu, Cong
;
Stanton, John F.
;
Hill, Stephen
;
Cheng, Hai-Ping
;
Zhang, Xiao-Guang
.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS,
2020, 11 (06)
:2074-2078

Chen, Jia
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Ctr Mol Magnet Quantum Mat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

Hu, Cong
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

Stanton, John F.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Mol Magnet Quantum Mat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Univ Florida, Dept Chem & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Cheng, Hai-Ping
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Ctr Mol Magnet Quantum Mat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

Zhang, Xiao-Guang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Ctr Mol Magnet Quantum Mat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
[23]
Ab initio calculation of anisotropic magnetic properties of complexes. I. Unique definition of pseudospin Hamiltonians and their derivation
[J].
Chibotaru, L. F.
;
Ungur, L.
.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS,
2012, 137 (06)

Chibotaru, L. F.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Afdeling Kwantumchem & Fysicochem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven, Afdeling Kwantumchem & Fysicochem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium

Ungur, L.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Afdeling Kwantumchem & Fysicochem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven, Afdeling Kwantumchem & Fysicochem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium
[24]
The origin of nonmagnetic Kramers doublets in the ground state of dysprosium triangles: Evidence for a toroidal magnetic moment
[J].
Chibotaru, Liviu F.
;
Ungur, Liviu
;
Soncini, Alessandro
.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION,
2008, 47 (22)
:4126-4129

Chibotaru, Liviu F.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Div Quantum & Phys Chem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Div Quantum & Phys Chem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium

Ungur, Liviu
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Div Quantum & Phys Chem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Div Quantum & Phys Chem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium

Soncini, Alessandro
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Div Quantum & Phys Chem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Div Quantum & Phys Chem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium
[25]
Understanding magnetic relaxation in single-ion magnets with high blocking temperature
[J].
Chiesa, A.
;
Cugini, F.
;
Hussain, R.
;
Macaluso, E.
;
Allodi, G.
;
Garlatti, E.
;
Giansiracusa, M.
;
Goodwin, C. A. P.
;
Ortu, F.
;
Reta, D.
;
Skelton, J. M.
;
Guidi, T.
;
Santini, P.
;
Solzi, M.
;
De Renzi, R.
;
Mills, D. P.
;
Chilton, N. F.
;
Carretta, S.
.
PHYSICAL REVIEW B,
2020, 101 (17)

Chiesa, A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy
INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Garlatti, E.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy
INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

Giansiracusa, M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

Goodwin, C. A. P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

Ortu, F.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

Reta, D.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

Skelton, J. M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

Guidi, T.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Solzi, M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

De Renzi, R.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

Mills, D. P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

Chilton, N. F.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Infonnat, I-43124 Parma, Italy

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
[26]
The first near-linear bis(amide) f-block complex: a blueprint for a high temperature single molecule magnet
[J].
Chilton, Nicholas F.
;
Goodwin, Conrad A. P.
;
Mills, David P.
;
Winpenny, Richard E. P.
.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS,
2015, 51 (01)
:101-103

Chilton, Nicholas F.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England

Goodwin, Conrad A. P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England

Mills, David P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England

Winpenny, Richard E. P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England
[27]
Vanadyl phthalocyanines on graphene/SiC(0001): toward a hybrid architecture for molecular spin qubits
[J].
Cimatti, I.
;
Bondi, L.
;
Serrano, G.
;
Malavolti, L.
;
Cortigiani, B.
;
Velez-Fort, E.
;
Betto, D.
;
Ouerghi, A.
;
Brookes, N. B.
;
Loth, S.
;
Mannini, M.
;
Totti, F.
;
Sessoli, R.
.
NANOSCALE HORIZONS,
2019, 4 (05)
:1202-1210

Cimatti, I.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
Univ Florence, INSTM RU Florence, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Bondi, L.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
Univ Florence, INSTM RU Florence, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Malavolti, L.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Planck Inst Struct & Dynam Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Cortigiani, B.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
Univ Florence, INSTM RU Florence, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Velez-Fort, E.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, 71 Ave Martyrs,CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Betto, D.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, 71 Ave Martyrs,CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Ouerghi, A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, C2N, F-91120 Palaiseau, France Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Brookes, N. B.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, 71 Ave Martyrs,CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Loth, S.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Planck Inst Struct & Dynam Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Univ Stuttgart, Inst Funct Matter & Quantum Technol, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Mannini, M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
Univ Florence, INSTM RU Florence, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Totti, F.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
Univ Florence, INSTM RU Florence, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

Sessoli, R.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
Univ Florence, INSTM RU Florence, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
[28]
Molecular magnetism: from chemical design to spin control in molecules, materials and devices
[J].
Coronado, Eugenio
.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS,
2020, 5 (02)
:87-104

Coronado, Eugenio
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Universitat Valencia, Instituto Ciencia Mol, ICMol, Valencia, Spain Universitat Valencia, Instituto Ciencia Mol, ICMol, Valencia, Spain
[29]
Radical ligand-containing single-molecule magnets
[J].
Demir, Selvan
;
Jeon, Ie-Rang
;
Long, Jeffrey R.
;
Harris, T. David
.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS,
2015, 289
:149-176

Demir, Selvan
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Long, Jeffrey R.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

Harris, T. David
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[30]
Field- and temperature-dependent quantum tunnelling of the magnetisation in a large barrier single-molecule magnet
[J].
Ding, You-Song
;
Yu, Ke-Xin
;
Reta, Daniel
;
Ortu, Fabrizio
;
Winpenny, Richard E. P.
;
Zheng, Yan-Zhen
;
Chilton, Nicholas F.
.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS,
2018, 9

Ding, You-Song
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Sci, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

Yu, Ke-Xin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Sci, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

Reta, Daniel
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

Ortu, Fabrizio
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

Winpenny, Richard E. P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

Zheng, Yan-Zhen
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Sci, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

Chilton, Nicholas F.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, FIST, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth Condensed Matter, 99 Yanxiang Rd, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China