Urea formation from carbon dioxide and ammonia at atmospheric pressure

被引:54
|
作者
Xiang, Xiaofeng [1 ]
Guo, Li [1 ]
Wu, Xing [1 ]
Ma, Xiaoxun [1 ]
Xia, Yashen [2 ]
机构
[1] NW Univ Xian, Shaanxi Res Ctr Engn Technol Clean Coal Convers, Minist Educ Adv Use Technol Shanbei Energy, Sch Chem Engn,Chem Engn Res Ctr, Xian 710069, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
[2] HyChar Energy LLC, Newton, MA 02466 USA
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Electronegative ions; Carbon dioxide; Ammonia; Urea synthesis; CO2; utilization; Anion reaction; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; METHANE CONVERSION; PLASMA; CO2;
D O I
10.1007/s10311-012-0366-2
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Urea synthesis, currently the largest use of carbon dioxide in organic synthesis, is conventionally operated at high pressure and high temperature. Here, we report for the first time that urea forms at atmosphere and ambient temperatures by negative corona discharge in gas phase. The conversion of CO2 and yields of a solid mixture of urea and ammonium carbamate, which was identified by the C-13 NMR spectrum, rise with reducing temperatures and increasing molar ratios of NH3/CO2 and discharge frequencies. The conversion of carbon dioxide was found to be 82.16 % at 20 A degrees C and 1 atm with a molar flow ratio of n(NH3)/n(CO2) of 2.5. High pressure and high temperature as energy inputs are not necessary.
引用
收藏
页码:295 / 300
页数:6
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