Convex Combination of Multiple Statistical Models With Application to VAD

This paper proposes a robust voice activity detector (VAD) based on the observation that the distribution of speech captured with far-field microphones is highly varying, depending on the noise and reverberation conditions. The proposed VAD employs a convex combination scheme comprising three statistical distributions-a Gaussian, a Laplacian, and a two-sided Gamma-to effectively model captured speech. This scheme shows increased ability to adapt to dynamic acoustic environments. The contribution of each distribution to this convex combination is automatically adjusted based on the statistical characteristics of the instantaneous audio input. To further improve the performance of the system, an adaptive threshold is introduced, while a decision-smoothing scheme caters to the intra-frame correlation of speech signals. Extensive experiments under realistic scenarios support the proposed approach of combining several models for increased adaptation and performance.