A First-in-Human Study of the Bioheart Sirolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Two-Year Clinical and Imaging Outcomes

Introduction Newer generation bioresorbable scaffolds (BRSs) with thinner struts and improved deliverability are expected to enhance safety and efficacy profiles. Bioheart (Bio-Heart, Shanghai, China) BRS is constructed from a PLLA (poly-l-lactic acid) backbone coated with a PDLLA (poly d-l-lactic acid) layer eluting sirolimus. We report 2-year serial intracoronary imaging findings. Methods In this first-in-human study, 46 patients with single de novo lesions in native coronary vessels (vessel size 3.0-3.75 mm, lesion length <= 25 mm) were enrolled at a single institution. Baseline intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and post-implantation IVUS and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations were mandatory. After successful implantations of BRS, the 46 patients were randomized to two different follow-up cohorts in a 2:1 ratio. Thirty patients in cohort 1 had to undergo angiography, IVUS, and OCT follow-ups at 6 and 24 months, respectively. The 16 patients in cohort 2 underwent the same types of imaging follow-ups at 12 and 36 months, respectively. Clinical follow-ups were scheduled uniformly in both cohorts at 1, 6, and 12 months and annually up to 5 years for all patients. Results Between August and November 2016, a total of 54 patients were assessed. However, 8 patients could not meet all the inclusion criteria; thus, the remaining 46 patients (age 57.5 +/- 8.7 years, 34.8% female, 50.0% with unstable angina, 26.1% diabetics) with 46 target lesions were enrolled in this study. All patients in both cohorts were required to complete clinical follow-up uniformly and regularly. In cohort 1, one patient had definite scaffold thrombosis within 6 months of follow-up; thus, after 6 months, cohort 1 had 96.7% patients . Imaging follow-up was available in 24 patients, and in-scaffold late loss was 0.44 +/- 0.47 mm; intracoronary imaging confirmed the late loss was mainly due to to neointimal hyperplasia, but not scaffold recoil. Conclusions Serial 2-year clinical and imaging follow-up results confirmed the preliminary safety and efficacy of Bioheart BRS for treatment of simple coronary lesions.