Relativistic quantum field theory for condensed systems-(I): (General formalism)

We proposed Atomic Schwinger-Dyson method (ASD method) in this paper, which was the nonperturbative and finite relativistic quantum field theory, and we treat many electron system and electronic matter. The ASD formalism consists of coupled Dyson equations of electrons and photons. Since, it includes self-energies in a nonperturbative way, higher-order correlations beyond Hartee-Fock approximation are taken into account. Some important differences between the ASD formalism for the system of finite electron density and SD formalism of zero electron density are shown. The main difference is due to the existence of condensed photon field, symmetry breaking, and what we call, Coulomb's potential. By paying special attention to the treatment of the condensed photon fields, the coupled Dyson equations of electron and photon are derived based on functional propagator method. It is shown that this treatment of the condensed fields naturally leads to tadpole energy, which cancels the Hartree energy. By using these photon propagators, explicit expression of ASD coupled equations and the energy density of matters are derived for numerical calculations in a subsequent paper. Similarities and differences between ASD and traditional methods such as the mean field theory or the Hartree-Fock method are discussed; it is shown that these traditional methods were included in our ASD formalism.