Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know about It?

被引:72
|
作者
de los Angeles Robinson-Agramonte, Maria [1 ]
Noris Garcia, Elena [2 ]
Fraga Guerra, Jarasca [3 ]
Vega Hurtado, Yamile [4 ]
Antonucci, Nicola [5 ]
Semprun-Hernandez, Neomar [6 ]
Schultz, Stephen [7 ]
Siniscalco, Dario [8 ,9 ]
机构
[1] Int Ctr Neurol Restorat, Neuroimmunol Dept, Havana 11300, Cuba
[2] Natl Inst Nephrol, Immunol Dept, Havana 10600, Cuba
[3] Natl Inst Nephrol, Microbiol Dept, Havana 10600, Cuba
[4] Int Ctr Neurol Restorat, Res Ctr, Havana 11300, Cuba
[5] Biomed Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, I-70126 Bari, Italy
[6] Univ Zulia, Res Div, Autism Immunol Unit Maracaibo, Catedra Libre Autismo, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
[7] Univ Texas Hlth San Antonio, Ctr Biomed Neurosci, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
[8] Univ Campania, Dept Expt Med, I-80138 Naples, Italy
[9] European Biomed Res Inst Salerno EBRIS, I-84125 Salerno, Italy
关键词
autism spectrum disorder (ASD); autoimmunity; neuropsychiatric disorders; cytokines; adaptive immunity; innate immunity; neuroimmunology; major histocompatibility complex (MHC); human leukocyte antigens (HLA) alleles; T helper (Th) cells; obesity; neurodegenerative diseases; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; VENTRICULAR CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; LYMPHOCYTE CYTOKINE PROFILES; FETAL-BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; ALLERGIC MANIFESTATIONS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES;
D O I
10.3390/ijms23063033
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a wide and variable set of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including deficits in social communication, narrow and restricted interests, and repetitive behavior. The immune hypothesis is considered to be a major factor contributing to autism pathogenesis, as well as a way to explain the differences of the clinical phenotypes and comorbidities influencing disease course and severity. Evidence highlights a link between immune dysfunction and behavioral traits in autism from several types of evidence found in both cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood and their utility to identify autistic subgroups with specific immunophenotypes; underlying behavioral symptoms are also shown. This review summarizes current insights into immune dysfunction in ASD, with particular reference to the impact of immunological factors related to the maternal influence of autism development; comorbidities influencing autism disease course and severity; and others factors with particular relevance, including obesity. Finally, we described main elements of similarities between immunopathology overlapping neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, taking as examples autism and Parkinson Disease, respectively.
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页数:25
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