Investigation of retinal microvasculature and choriocapillaris in adolescent myopic patients with astigmatism undergoing orthokeratology

Background To observe alterations of fundus microcirculation and retinal thickness in adolescent myopic patients with astigmatism after toric and spherical orthokeratology using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), to explore the effects of orthokeratology on the retinal thickness and choroidal blood flow. Methods A total of 48 patients were enrolled and divided into two group (toric orthokeratology (T) group and spherical orthokeratology (S) group) according to the type of lens design. OCTA was used to measure the superficial and deep retinal vessel densities at the macular region, radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and choriocapillaris (ChC) perfusion area before and after orthokeratology for 3 months. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results Compared with before orthokeratology, the superficial vessel density in the fovea and parafovea in the T group significantly increased, and the deep vessel density in the whole area and fovea were significantly elevated after 3 months (P < 0.05). The superficial vessel density was significantly higher only in the parafovea in the S group after 3 months than that before orthokeratology (P < 0.05), deep vessel density in the whole area and parafovea after 3 months was significantly higher than that before orthokeratology (P < 0.05). RPC density in the two groups increased after 3 months of orthokeratology in the whole area and inside the disc area (P < 0.05). Three months after toric orthokeratology, FAZ area in the T group was significantly reduced by 0.05 (- 0.41 to + 0.08) mm(2), while ChC perfusion area was enlarged by 0.06 +/- 0.12 mm(2). FAZ area in the S group significantly decreased by 0.01 (- 0.19 to + 0.01) mm(2), whereas ChC perfusion area increased by 0.06 (- 0.07 to + 0.50) mm(2). Retinal thickness in the two groups increased after 3 months of orthokeratology in the whole area and parafoveal area (P < 0.05). Conclusion Orthokeratology improved retinal blood flow in macular area and RPC while controlling myopia. The changes in FAZ and ChC perfusion areas did not significantly differ between toric and spherical orthokeratology.