Five-year nationwide incidence of macular hole requiring surgery in Korea

Background/aims To estimate the incidence and demographics of macular hole (MH) requiring surgery in Korea. Methods Patients who underwent surgery for MH in Korea from 2011 to 2015 with the diagnostic code for MH and the surgical code for vitrectomy were retrospectively identified using the Korean national health claims database. The average incidence rate of MH during the 5-year study period was estimated by applying the direct method of standardisation using the 2015 census data as a reference population. Results A total of 7301 patients with MH requiring surgery were identified. The average incidence of MH requiring surgery was 3.14 (95 % CI, 3.07 to 3.21) per 100 000 person-years . The incidence in women (4.29 per 100 000 person-years; 95% CI, 4.17 to 4.40) was significantly higher than that in men (2.00 per 100 000 person-years; 95% CI, 1.92 to 2.07; p<0.001). The incidence rate of MH increased exponentially with increasing age between the ages of 35 years and 69 years and was highest among patients aged 65-69 years. The female-to-male ratio for the incidence of MH was 2.15:1. Conclusions This study represents the largest nationwide population-based investigation of the incidence of MH, using a database that covers the entire population of South Korea. MH is the disease of elderly peaked 70 years old and more common in women.