Synchronization sensitive frame estimation techniques for audio-video synchronization restoration

Network transmission is liable to errors and data loss. Thus, in movie transmission, video frames are subject to loss. The loss of video frames could cause a loss of synchronization between the audio and video streams. If not corrected this cumulative loss call seriously degrade the motion picture's quality beyond viewers' tolerance. In this paper, we study and classify the effect of audio-video de-synchronization. Afterwards, we develop and examine the performance of five techniques for estimating the lost frames using the existing received frames, without the need for retransmissions or error control information. The estimated frames are injected at their appropriate locations in the movie stream. The objective is to bring back the synchronization within the tolerance level of viewers, while attempting to find a very close estimation to the original frames at a suitable computation cost.