Galactic cold cores II. Herschel study of the extended dust emission around the first Planck detections

被引：56

作者：

Juvela, M. ^{[1
]}

Ristorcelli, I. ^{[2
]}

Pelkonen, V. -M. ^{[3
]}

Marshall, D. J. ^{[2
]}

Montier, L. A. ^{[2
]}

Bernard, J. -P. ^{[2
]}

Paladini, R. ^{[3
]}

Lunttila, T. ^{[1
]}

Abergel, A. ^{[4
]}

Andre, Ph. ^{[5
]}

Dickinson, C. ^{[6
]}

Dupac, X. ^{[7
]}

Malinen, J. ^{[1
]}

Martin, P. ^{[8
]}

McGehee, P. ^{[3
]}

Pagani, L. ^{[9
,10
]}

Ysard, N. ^{[1
]}

Zavagno, A. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland

[2] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 04, France

[3] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[4] Univ Paris 11, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France

[5] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA, DSM CNRS,IRFU,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[6] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England

[7] European Space Astron Ctr, European Space Agcy, Madrid, Spain

[8] CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

[9] LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France

[10] Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8112, F-75014 Paris, France

[11] Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2011年 / 527卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 美国国家航空航天局; 芬兰科学院;

关键词：

ISM: clouds; infrared: ISM; submillimeter: ISM; dust; extinction; stars: formation; stars: protostars; STAR-FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PRESTELLAR CORES; SUBMILLIMETER; SCUBA;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201015916

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. Within the project Galactic cold cores we are carrying out Herschel photometric observations of cold interstellar clouds detected with the Planck satellite. The three fields observed as part of the Herschel science demonstration phase (SDP) provided the first glimpse into the nature of these sources. The aim of the project is to derive the physical properties of the full cold core population revealed by Planck. Aims. We examine the properties of the dust emission within the three fields observed during the SDP. We determine the dust sub-millimetre opacity, look for signs of spatial variations in the dust spectral index, and estimate how the apparent variations of the parameters could be affected by different sources of uncertainty. Methods. We use the Herschel observations where the zero point of the surface brightness scale is set with the help of the Planck satellite data. We derive the colour temperature and column density maps of the regions and determine the dust opacity by a comparison with extinction measurements. By simultaneously fitting the colour temperature and the dust spectral index values we look for spatial variations in the apparent dust properties. With a simple radiative transfer model we estimate to what extent these can be explained by line-of-sight temperature variations, without changes in the dust grain properties. Results. The analysis of the dust emission reveals cold and dense clouds that coincide with the Planck sources and confirm those detections. The derived dust opacity varies in the range kappa(250 mu m) similar to 0.05-0.2 cm(2) g(-1), higher values being observed preferentially in regions of high column density. The average dust spectral index beta is similar to 1.9-2.2. There are indications that beta increases towards the coldest regions. The spectral index decreases strongly near internal heating sources but, according to radiative transfer models, this can be explained by the line-of-sight temperature variations without a change in the dust properties.

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