Objective. To determine if pediatric surgical subspecialization provides cost-effective, high-quality pediatric patient care. Methods. Ureteroneocystostomy inpatients over 4 years were studied. Hospital charges and complications were compared between general urologists and fellowship-trained pediatric urologists. Results. Hospital charges were significantly less ($1095) for patients under the care of a pediatric urologist. Complication rates were also lower. Conclusions. Pediatric urology subspecialization offers high-quality, cost-effective pediatric patient care.