Temperature measurement is an important means to analyze the infrared signature of the naval ship, and it can provide theoretical and practical data for reducing the infrared signature, enhancing the ability of infrared countermine and infrared stealth, but actually, the precision of measurement is very low because it is influenced by too many factors. Based on theories of thermal radiation and of the infrared thermography, this thesis systematically analyzed almost all kinds of factors, which may have effect on the error in temperature measurement. Especially, to the naval ship, the insolation of the sun is a significant factor to cause measurement error. The countermeasures to reduce the error are also discussed in this paper, which may provide valuable reference to increase the precision of measurement and guidance to design for infrared stealth.