Phytophthora species associated with crown and root rot of apple in Chile

Phytophthora cactorum, P. cryptogea, P. gonapodyides, and P. megasperma were isolated from necrotic root and crown tissues or the rhizospheres of apple trees exhibiting typical symptoms of Phytophthora root and crown rot in the Central Valley of Chile. Representative isolates of all four species were pathogenic on a variety of apple rootstocks and scions in trials conducted on excised shoots and 1-year-old MM.106 rootstock grown for 4 months in infested potting medium. P. cactorum was the most frequently isolated species and the most virulent in pot tests, although a significant Phytophthora sp.-apple genotype interaction was observed. This is the first report of any species other than P. cactorum causing root and crown rot of apple trees in Chile.