One novel Yb-MOF, namely, {[Yb(Hdpc)(bibp)(H2O)]center dot(H2O)}(n) (I) (H4dpc = 2-(3',4'-dicarboxylphenoxy) isophthalic acid, bibp = 4,4'-bis(imidazolyl)) biphenyl, has been assembled under hydrothermal condition, its structure and physicochemical properties have been characterized and investigated. Structural analysis shows that it is triclinic crystal system and Pi space group. I exhibits characteristic fluorescence emission (lambda(em) = 368 nm) both in solid-state and water under excitation of 324 nm. Furthermore, its acid-base resistance property and thermodynamic stability have been verified by PXRD and thermogravimetric analyses. Real-time fluorescence quenching performances of I have been investigated in the detection of Nitrobenzene, Fe3+ and Cr2O72- with high sensitivity, selectivity, efficiency and recyclability. In addition, the mechanisms of fluorescence quenching have been systematically studied by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses, PXRD analysis, UV-vis spectra and SEM mapping (scanning electron microscope) or DFT (density functional theory).