Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR-Cas systems

被引：483

作者：

Mohanraju, Prarthana ^{[1
]}

Makarova, Kira S. ^{[2
]}

Zetsche, Bernd ^{[3
]}

Zhang, Feng ^{[3
]}

Koonin, Eugene V. ^{[2
]}

van der Oost, John ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Wageningen Univ, Dept Agrotechnol & Food Sci, Microbiol Lab, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands

[2] Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA

[3] Broad Inst & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA

来源：

SCIENCE | 2016年 / 353卷 / 6299期

关键词：

GUIDED SURVEILLANCE COMPLEX; ADAPTIVE IMMUNE-SYSTEMS; GENOME-EDITING SPECIFICITY; RNA-SILENCING COMPLEX; HUMAN-CELLS; SPACER ACQUISITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FOREIGN DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRUCTURAL BASIS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aad5147

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Adaptive immunity had been long thought of as an exclusive feature of animals. However, the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas defense system, present in almost half of prokaryotic genomes, proves otherwise. Because of the everlasting parasite-host arms race, CRISPR-Cas has rapidly evolved through horizontal transfer of complete loci or individual modules, resulting in extreme structural and functional diversity. CRISPR-Cas systems are divided into two distinct classes that each consist of three types and multiple subtypes. We discuss recent advances in CRISPR-Cas research that reveal elaborate molecular mechanisms and provide for a plausible scenario of CRISPR-Cas evolution. We also briefly describe the latest developments of a wide range of CRISPR-based applications.

引用

页数：12

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