Future trend of pulse tube cryocooler research

The flexibility of a pulse tube allows integrating the cryocooler with its application. However, the drawback will be a deterioration of thermodynamic efficiency because of the application oriented design philosophy. To minimize the additional thermodynamic losses, the extending cycle analysis, which can simulates the requested configuration, will be required. Therefore, one of the important subjects for the future progress of such a flexible pulse tube coolers is a substantial improvement of the software as a design tool of the cryocooler, which could be used to the actual application. Several proposals based on a basic cycle analysis are presented.