Geometrical and Taylor dispersion in a fracture with random obstacles: An experimental study with fluids of different rheologies

The miscible displacement of a Newtonian or shear-thinning fluid by another one of same rheological properties has been studied optically in a flat transparent model fracture with a random distribution of identical cylindrical obstacles on one of the walls. At the local scale, the concentration variation on individual pixels satisfies a Gaussian convection-dispersion relation with local transit time (t) over bart(x, y) and dispersivity l(d)(x, y). The variation of l(d) with the Peclet number Pe shows that it results from a combination of geometrical and Taylor dispersion, respectively dominant at low and high Pe values. Using shear-thinning solutions instead of a Newtonian fluid enhances the velocity contrasts (and therefore geometrical dispersion) and reduces Taylor dispersion. At the global scale, the front geometry is studied from the isoconcentration lines c = 0.5 (equivalent to lines of constant (t) over bar (x, y) value): beyond a transition travel time, their width in the direction parallel to the flow reaches a constant limit varying linearly with Log(Pe) with a slope increasing with the shear-thinning character of the fluid. These characteristics are compared to previous observations on other model fractures with a self-affine roughness displaying channelization effects.