Exposure risk and COVID-19 infection among frontline health-care workers: A single tertiary care centre experience

Background: There is limited data on frontline health-care workers and risk of COVID-19 from the developing nations. It is imperative to identify those at higher risk to prevent further transmission. We assessed the relationship between exposure risk and COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers who were primary contacts of a COVID-19 patient. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among front-line health-care workers in a tertiary care hospital who were exposed to a COVID-19 patient. Information on demographic factors, medical history, exposure related factors and subsequently COVID-19 lab reports were collected. An exposure risk assessment designed collating various exposure related factors categorized the participants into those with high and low risk. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio of our primary outcome, a positive COVID-19 test when the independent variables were exposure risk, age, gender and occupation. Results: Among1858 frontline workers who were primary contacts of a COVID-19 patient at the hospital, 106 (5.7%) incident reports of a positive COVID-19 test were recorded. None of the exposure related factors had any significant association with a positive COVID-19 test. However, high exposure risk category was significantly associated with COVID-19 positive test at the end of quarantine. Conclusion: COVID-19 was more frequent among front-line health-care workers who belonged to high exposure category. Education at different levels of service delivery at hospitals is required for best practice in order to prevent COVID-19 among health care providers. There is need to develop additional strategies to ensure that the information is translated in to practice.