Reproductive biology and diet of the longtail butterfly ray Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804) along western Bay of Bengal

The reproductive biology and diet of the longtail butterfly ray Gymnura poecilura is described based on 630 specimens (N = 377 females and 253 males). The mean disc width (W-D) of females and males was 576.7 mm (range = 190-920 mm) and 416.3 mm (230-550 mm), respectively. Sexual dimorphism in size was seen, with the maximum size of males being only 60% of the maximum female size. The disc widths at 50% maturity (W-D50) were estimated to be 506.5 mm (females) and 435.9 mm (males). The mean uterine fecundity was 3.3 (range = 1-8). The size at birth was between 190 and 220 mm W-D. Year-round reproduction was indicated, due to the presence of mature males and gravid females throughout the year, neonates in multiple months and large variations in embryo size within months. Feeding intensity increased with body size. Fish accounted for 80.9% of the diet (Index of Relative Importance, IRI), followed by crustaceans (18.9%) and molluscs. The species was found to be a specialized feeder.