Pb-Based Halide Perovskites: Recent Advances in Photo(electro)catalytic Applications and Looking Beyond

Photo(electro)catalysis has triggered ripples of excitement in environmental protection and energy conversion due to its potential applications in the degradation of organic pollutants, evolution of H-2 and O-2 from H2O splitting, and reduction of CO2 by utilizing solar energy. Over the past three years, halide perovskites, which render extraordinary charge transport capability in solar cells, have witnessed a burgeoning development in photocatalysis over the conventional oxide perovskites. This type of perovskite demonstrates a small surface area, limited light utilization, and high carrier recombination, resulting in inadequate reactant contact on catalyst surfaces and decreased catalytic activity. In this review, the progress of halide perovskites is presented starting from fundamental properties (i.e., synthesis and structure) to applications in light-driven reactions with the focus on crystal dimensions, toxicity, and stability. In addition, computational studies on halide perovskites from electronic properties to catalytic mechanisms are presented to lay a foundation for future research and advancement in this field. Last, critical insights are provided into the existing limitations and favorable prospects for halide perovskites.