SimCLS: A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Abstractive Summarization

In this paper, we present a conceptually simple while empirically powerful framework for abstractive summarization, SIMCLS, which can bridge the gap between the learning objective and evaluation metrics resulting from the currently dominated sequence-to-sequence learning framework by formulating text generation as a reference-free evaluation problem (i.e., quality estimation) assisted by contrastive learning. Experimental results show that, with minor modification over existing top-scoring systems, SimCLS can improve the performance of existing top-performing models by a large margin. Particularly, 2.51 absolute improvement against BART (Lewis et al., 2020) and 2.50 over PEGASUS (Zhang et al., 2020a) w.r.t ROUGE-1 on the CNN/DailyMail dataset, driving the state-of-the-art performance to a new level. We have open-sourced our codes and results: https://github.com/yixinL7/SimCLS. Results of our proposed models have been deployed into EXPLAINABOARD (Liu et al., 2021a) platform, which allows researchers to understand our systems in a more fine-grained way.