Asteroid 2008 TC3-Almahata Sitta: A spectacular breccia containing many different ureilitic and chondritic lithologies

Asteroid 2008 TC3 impacted Earth in northern Sudan on October 7, 2008. The meteorite named Almahata Sitta was classified as a polymict ureilite. In this study, 40 small pieces from different fragments collected in the Almahata Sitta strewn field were investigated and a large number of different lithologies were found. Some of these fragments are ureilitic in origin, whereas others are clearly chondritic. As all are relatively fresh (W0-W0/1) and as short-lived cosmogenic radioisotopes were detected within two of the chondritic fragments, there is strong evidence that most, if not all belong to the Almahata Sitta meteorite fall. The fragments can roughly be subdivided into achondritic (ureilitic; 23 samples) and chondritic lithologies (17 samples). Among the ureilitic rocks are at least 10 different lithologies. A similar number of different chondritic lithologies also exist. Most chondritic fragments belong to at least seven different E-chondrite rock types (EH3, EL3/4, EL6, EL breccias, several different types of EL and EH impact melt rocks and impact melt breccias; some of the latter are shock-darkened). In addition, two H-group ordinary chondrite lithologies were identified, and one sample of a chondrite type that is so far unique. The latter has some affinities to R chondrites. Oxygen isotope compositions of 14 fragments provide further fundamental information on the lithological heterogeneity of the Almahata Sitta meteorite. Based on the findings presented in this study, the reflectance spectrum of asteroid 2008 TC3 has to be evaluated in a new light.