The Kobresia pygmaea ecosystem of the Tibetan highlands - Origin, functioning and degradation of the world's largest pastoral alpine ecosystem Kobresia pastures of Tibet

被引：262

作者：

Miehe, Georg ^{[1
]}

Schleuss, Per-Marten ^{[2
]}

Seeber, Elke ^{[3
]}

Babel, Wolfgang ^{[4
,5
]}

Biermann, Tobias ^{[6
]}

Braendle, Martin ^{[7
]}

Chen, Fahu ^{[8
]}

Coners, Heinz ^{[9
]}

Foken, Thomas ^{[5
]}

Gerken, Tobias ^{[10
]}

Graf, Hans-F. ^{[11
]}

Guggenberger, Georg ^{[12
]}

Hafner, Silke ^{[13
]}

Holzapfel, Maika ^{[14
]}

Ingrisch, Johannes ^{[15
]}

Kuzyakov, Yakov ^{[13
,14
,16
,17
]}

Lai, Zhongping ^{[18
]}

Lehnert, Lukas ^{[1
]}

Leuschner, Christoph ^{[9
]}

Li, Xiaogang ^{[19
]}

Liu, Jianquan ^{[19
]}

Liu, Shibin ^{[13
]}

Ma, Yaoming ^{[20
]}

Miehe, Sabine ^{[1
]}

Mosbrugger, Volker ^{[21
,22
]}

Noltie, Henry J. ^{[23
]}

Schmidt, Joachim ^{[24
]}

Spielvogel, Sandra ^{[25
]}

Unteregelsbacher, Sebastian ^{[26
]}

Wang, Yun ^{[14
]}

Willinghoefer, Sandra ^{[9
]}

Xu, Xingliang ^{[13
,27
]}

Yang, Yongping ^{[28
]}

Zhang, Shuren ^{[29
]}

Opgenoorth, Lars ^{[7
]}

Wesche, Karsten ^{[14
,30
,31
]}

机构：

[1] Philipps Univ Marburg, Fac Geog, Marburg, Germany

[2] Univ Bayreuth, Soil Biogeochem, Bayreuth, Germany

[3] Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany

[4] Univ Bayreuth, Micrometeorol Grp, Bayreuth, Germany

[5] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Res, Bayreuth, Germany

[6] Lund Univ, Ctr Environm & Climate Res, Lund, Sweden

[7] Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Ecol, Marburg, Germany

[8] Lanzhou Univ, MOE Key Lab West Chinas Environm Syst, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China

[9] Univ Gottingen, Dept Plant Ecol & Ecosyst Res, Gottingen, Germany

[10] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA

[11] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England

[12] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Soil Sci, Hannover, Germany

[13] Univ Gottingen, Dept Soil Sci Temperate Ecosyst, Gottingen, Germany

[14] Senckenberg Museum Gorlitz, Dept Bot, Gorlitz, Germany

[15] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol Res, Innsbruck, Austria

[16] Univ Gottingen, Dept Agr Soil Sci, Gottingen, Germany

[17] Kazan Fed Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Kazan, Russia

[18] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China

[19] Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Grassland Agroecosyst, Coll Life Sci, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China

[20] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing, Peoples R China

[21] Senckenberg Res Inst, Frankfurt, Germany

[22] Nat Hist Museum, Frankfurt, Germany

[23] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

[24] Univ Rostock, Inst Biosci Gen & Systemat Zool, Rostock, Germany

[25] Univ Kiel, Dept Soil Sci, Kiel, Germany

[26] KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Environm Res IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany

[27] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China

[28] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Lab Alpine Ecol & Biodivers, Beijing, Peoples R China

[29] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China

[30] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany

[31] Tech Univ Dresden, Int Inst Zittau, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany

来源：

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT | 2019年 / 648卷

关键词：

Alpine meadow; Alpine plant ecology; Carbon cycle and sequestration; Carex parvula; Grazing ecology; Hydrological cycle; Nutrient cycles; Paleo-environment; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; Rangeland management; PERMANENT HUMAN OCCUPATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; INORGANIC NITROGEN; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; HUMAN HABITATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; COVER CHANGES; CO2; EXCHANGE; 21; KA; PLATEAU;

D O I：

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.164

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

With 450,000 km(2) Kobresia (syn. Carex) pygmaea dominated pastures in the eastern Tibetan highlands are the world's largest pastoral alpine ecosystemforming a durable turf cover at 3000-6000 m a.s.l. Kobresia's resilience and competitiveness is based on dwarf habit, predominantly below-ground allocation of photo assimilates, mixture of seed production and clonal growth, and high genetic diversity. Kobresia growth is co-limited by livestock-mediated nutrient withdrawal and, in the drier parts of the plateau, low rainfall during the short and cold growing season. Overstocking has caused pasture degradation and soil deterioration over most parts of the Tibetan highlands and is the basis for this man-made ecosystem. Natural autocyclic processes of turf destruction and soil erosion are initiated through polygonal turf cover cracking, and accelerated by soil-dwelling endemic small mammals in the absence of predators. The major consequences of vegetation cover deterioration include the release of large amounts of C, earlier diurnal formation of clouds, and decreased surface temperatures. These effects decrease the recovery potential of Kobresia pastures and make them more vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Traditional migratory rangeland management was sustainable over millennia, and possibly still offers the best strategy to conserve and possibly increase C stocks in the Kobresia turf. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

引用

页码：754 / 771

页数：18

共 195 条

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