Invited review: climate change impacts in polar regions: lessons from Antarctic moss bank archives

被引:37
作者
Royles, Jessica [1 ,2 ]
Griffiths, Howard [2 ]
机构
[1] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England
[2] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England
基金
英国自然环境研究理事会;
关键词
Antarctic moss; assimilation; climate change; peat accumulation; radiocarbon dating; stable isotopes; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WATER-CONTENT; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; PEAT ACCUMULATION; CO2; ASSIMILATION; ACTIVE LAYER;
D O I
10.1111/gcb.12774
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Mosses are the dominant plants in polar and boreal regions, areas which are experiencing rapid impacts of regional warming. Long-term monitoring programmes provide some records of the rate of recent climate change, but moss peat banks contain an unrivalled temporal record of past climate change on terrestrial plant Antarctic systems. We summarise the current understanding of climatic proxies and determinants of moss growth for contrasting continental and maritime Antarctic regions, as informed by 13C and 18O signals in organic material. Rates of moss accumulation are more than three times higher in the maritime Antarctic than continental Antarctica with growing season length being a critical determinant of growth rate, and high carbon isotope discrimination values reflecting optimal hydration conditions. Correlation plots of 13C and 18O values show that species (Chorisodontium aciphyllum / Polytrichum strictum) and growth form (hummock / bank) are the major determinants of measured isotope ratios. The interplay between moss growth form, photosynthetic physiology, water status and isotope composition are compared with developments of secondary proxies, such as chlorophyll fluorescence. These approaches provide a framework to consider the potential impact of climate change on terrestrial Antarctic habitats as well as having implications for future studies of temperate, boreal and Arctic peatlands. There are many urgent ecological and environmental problems in the Arctic related to mosses in a changing climate, but the geographical ranges of species and life-forms are difficult to track individually. Our goal was to translate what we have learned from the more simple systems in Antarctica, for application to Arctic habitats.
引用
收藏
页码:1041 / 1057
页数:17
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