Left ventricular myocardial dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

Objective. To evaluate left ventricular (LV) function and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with axial SpA in relationship to underlying disease severity. Methods. We recruited 104 patients with axial SpA and 50 controls. Detailed transthoracic echocardiography was performed and analysed with two-dimensional speckle tracking strain analysis for systolic function and tissue Doppler-derived E/E' for diastolic function assessment. Carotid IMT was measured by ultrasonography to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis. Radiological severity of patients with axial SpA was assessed by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). Results. Despite a similar LV ejection fraction [62.7% (S.D. 3.9) vs 62.8% (S.D. 3.8), P = 0.83], patients with axial SpA had impaired LV myocardial longitudinal strain (LS), circumferential strain (CS) and radial strain (RS) compared with controls [-18.1% (S.D. 2.4) vs -20.1% (S.D. 2.5), -17.2% (S.D. 2.2) vs -20.3% (S.D. 2.9) and 37.1% (S.D. 8.6) vs 43.2% (S.D. 10.9), respectively; all P < 0.01]. In addition, patients with axial SpA had a greater E/E' [7.9 (S.D. 2.5) vs 7.0 (S.D. 1.7), P < 0.01] and carotid IMT [0.78mm (S.D. 0.19) vs 0.69 mm (S.D. 0.10), P < 0.01] than controls. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, axial SpA remained independently associated with LV myocardial strains, E/E' and carotid IMT. Importantly, multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that mSASSS was independently associated with LV longitudinal strain, E/E' and carotid IMT. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated that patients with axial SpA had impaired LV systolic and diastolic function and increased carotid IMT. Importantly, mSASSS was independently associated with LV longitudinal strain, E/E' and carotid IMT after adjusting for confounding factors. Speckle tracking echocardiography may be a useful tool for early detection of impaired LV function in patients with SpA and carotid IMT examination can provide valuable assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with SpA.