Reductive functionalization of carbon nanotubes

We present sidewall functionalization of carbon nanotubes via various dissolving metal reduction methods. Carbanion complexes of lithium were prepared in liquid ammonia and THF and reacted with a series of alkyl and aryl halogenides, as well as methanol resulting in the formations of alkylated, arylated, and hydrogenated nanotube derivatives, respectively. The hydrogenation reactions were also performed on graphite. Thermal stabilities and chemical compositions were determined by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS). Characteristic decomposition peaks, observed in the range of 350-600 degrees C, suggest the formation of covalent derivatives upon functionalization. The compositions are 0.01-0.25 side group/carbon depending on the materials. NMR and Raman spectroscopic characterizations show the structural changes due to functionalization.