Minireview Series on the Thirtieth Anniversary of Research on O-GlcNAcylation of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Proteins: Nutrient Regulation of Cellular Metabolism and Physiology by O-GlcNAcylation

The dynamic cycling of N-acetylglucosamine (termed O-GlcNAcylation) on serine or threonine residues of nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor, both independently and also via its interplay with other post-translational modifications, to regulate signaling, transcription, and cellular physiology. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of this ubiquitous post-translational modification contributes to the etiology of some the most important human chronic diseases.