First Demonstration of Additive Manufacturing of Cutting Tools using Directed Energy Deposition System: Stellite™-Based Cutting Tools

被引:41
|
作者
Traxel, Kellen D. [1 ]
Bandyopadhyay, Amit [1 ]
机构
[1] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, WM Keck Biomed Mat Res Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Machine tool; Machining; Laser-based additive manufacturing; Stellite (TM); Stainless steel; LENS (TM); SOLID-PARTICLE EROSION; LASER; MICROSTRUCTURE; WEAR; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; STEEL; HIP;
D O I
10.1016/j.addma.2018.11.019
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
Machine-tool concepts are becoming increasingly complex to meet the demanding requirements of advanced applications. This raises per-tool costs for manufacturers and end users, motivating the development of novel, innovative fabrication methods for these tools. Our objective herein is to investigate laser-based additive manufacturing to fabricate application-optimized machine-tools that perform comparably to commercially-available products. To demonstrate this technology, multi-layer Stellite (TM) (Co-Cr-W superalloy) structures were deposited on a stainless-steel substrate via directed energy deposition technique to be used as a tool for cutting applications requiring high-temperature strength and ductility, an area where conventional carbide and high-speed steel tools are challenged. The as-printed structures were free of large-scale defects and voids, and were further characterized and compared to commercial Blackalloy 525 barstock (B525), a Co-Cr-W alloy tool of similar composition. The Stellite (TM) contained mostly Co-rich (alpha-phase) dendrites, as well as inter-dendritic Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 phases. The B525 composition consisted of a range of lamellar-eutectic microstructure comprised of Co-phase with W6C reinforcement. In reciprocating wear testing, Stellite (TM) 6 maintained a steady-state COF within 20% of B525 (0.36 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.01), and final wear rate as low as 38% difference from B525 (5.14*10(-6) +/- 4.58*10(-7) N/mm(3)vs. 3.20*10(-6) +/- 4.99*10(-7 )N/mm(3)). During a turning operation of SS304L, the mm mm Stellite (TM) 6 tool demonstrated consistent chip formation and more consistent rake-face and cratering wear in comparison to the B525 tool, indicating its adequacy for service in this application. Our results demonstrate for the first time that directed-energy-deposition can be utilized to fabricate advanced cutting tool concepts for job-specific applications.
引用
收藏
页码:460 / 468
页数:9
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