Numerical analysis of Casson nanofluid three-dimensional flow over a rotating frame exposed to a prescribed heat flux with viscous heating

This study investigates heat transfer characteristics and three-dimensional flow of non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid over a linearly stretching flat surface in the rotating frame of a reference. The current model includes the Buongiorno nanofluid model comprises nanoparticles' haphazard motion and thermo-migration. It also considered mechanisms for viscous heating and constant heat flux at the boundary. The nonlinear partial differential system modeling includes the non-Newtonian Casson fluid model and the boundary layer approximation. The system governing equations were nondimensionalized and numerically solved. A parametric study was conducted to analyze the significance of dimensionless parameters on velocities, the concentration, temperatures, Nusselt number, friction factors, and Sherwood number. The study reveals that the Casson nanoliquid temperature enhanced significantly due to the mechanisms of haphazard motion and thermo-migration. The momentum layer thickness of nano Casson fluid reduced due to the rotation phenomenon while the thermal layer structure amended notably. In the absence of rotation, there is no transverse velocity. The thermal layer structure is enhanced owing to the viscous heating process. The intense haphazard motion and thermo-migration mechanisms lead to maximum heat transfer rate at the plate. In addition, results show that the Coriolis force strength elevation shows similar axial and transverse velocities behavior. In addition, the nanoparticle concentration is observed higher due to the rotation aspect and Casson fluid parameter. Furthermore, the Casson fluid factor decreases with velocities, but the trend is the opposite for the high Casson fluid factor. The thermal and solute layer thickness growth is due to the nanoparticles' thermo-diffusion. In conclusion, the larger rotation factor increases the friction factors. The maximum plate heat transfer rate is when higher Nb and Nt are higher.