Assessing the effect of human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell secretome on human oral, breast, and melanoma cancer cell lines

Background: The secretome of the dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPMSCS-S) have an array of regenerative potential and could aid in the rehabilitation of cancer patients post-therapeutic interventions, although caution is required as DPMSC-S have shown to augment prostate cancer cells. Thus, it is vital to assess if these pro-carcinogenic effects extend to other cancer types. Objective: To assess if DPMSC-S has any pro-carcinogenic effect on oral cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma cell lines. Materials and methods: Conditioned media obtained from the isolated and characterized DPMSC (DPMSC-CM) were profiled using bead-based multiplex assay. AW13515 (oral cancer), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), and A-375 (melanoma) cell lines were exposed to 20%, 50%, and 100% DPMSC-CM for 24, 48, and 72 h. DPMSC-CM effect on the cancer cell properties and secretome were assessed. Results: DPMSC-CM augmented invasion, adhesion, multi-drug resistance, DNA repair, and mitochondrial repair in AW13516 through upregulation of growth factors Ang-2, EGF, M-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-2, downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta 1, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-4. In MDA-MB-231, invasion, and multi-drug resistance were augmented through upregulation of growth factors EGF, EPO, G-CSF, HGF, M-CSF, PDGF-AA, and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, CXCL10, IL-12p70. EMT, invasion, migration, and adhesion were augmented in A-375 through upregulation of growth factors Ang-2, EGF, PDGF-BB, TGF-alpha, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, and IL-17A. Conclusion: DPMSC-CM can augment the carcinogenic properties of oral cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma cells, further animal model studies are required to validate our in-vitro findings. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.