Enhanced Recovery after Urological Surgery: A Contemporary Systematic Review of Outcomes, Key Elements, and Research Needs

被引:242
作者
Azhar, Raed A. [1 ,2 ]
Bochner, Bernard [3 ]
Catto, James [4 ,5 ]
Goh, Alvin C. [6 ]
Kelly, John [7 ]
Patel, Hiten D. [8 ]
Pruthi, Raj S. [9 ]
Thalmann, George N. [10 ]
Desai, Mihir [2 ]
机构
[1] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Urol, POB 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
[2] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, USC Inst Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
[3] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA
[4] Univ Sheffield, Acad Unit Urol, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
[5] Univ Sheffield, Acad Unit Mol Oncol, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
[6] Houston Methodist Hosp, Dept Urol, Houston, TX USA
[7] UCL, UCL Med Sch, Div Surg & Intervent Sci, London, England
[8] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[9] Univ N Carolina, Div Urol Surg, Chapel Hill, NC USA
[10] Univ Hosp Inselspital, Dept Urol, Bern, Switzerland
关键词
Enhanced recovery after surgery; ERAS; Perioperative care; MECHANICAL BOWEL PREPARATION; RADICAL CYSTECTOMY; PERIOPERATIVE CARE; BLADDER-CANCER; COMPLICATIONS; METAANALYSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; MANAGEMENT; PROTOCOL; THERAPY;
D O I
10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.051
中图分类号
R5 [内科学]; R69 [泌尿科学(泌尿生殖系疾病)];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Context: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programs are multimodal care pathways that aim to decrease intra-operative blood loss, decrease postoperative complications, and reduce recovery times. Objective: To overview the use and key elements of ERAS pathways, and define needs for future clinical trials. Evidence acquisition: A comprehensive systematic MEDLINE search was performed for English language reports published before May 2015 using the terms "postoperative period," "postoperative care," "enhanced recovery after surgery," "enhanced recovery," "accelerated recovery," "fast track recovery," "recovery program," "recovery pathway", "ERAS," and "urology" or "cystectomy" or "urologic surgery." Evidence synthesis: We identified 18 eligible articles. Patient counseling, physical conditioning, avoiding excessive alcohol and smoking, and good nutrition appeared to protect against postoperative complications. Fasting from solid food for only 6 h and perioperative liquid-carbohydrate loading up to 2 h prior to surgery appeared to be safe and reduced recovery times. Restricted, balanced, and goal-directed fluid replacement is effective when individualized, depending on patient morbidity and surgical procedure. Decreased intraoperative blood loss may be achieved by several measures. Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, antibiotic prophylaxis, and thermoregulation were found to help reduce postsurgical complications, as was a multimodal approach to postoperative nausea, vomiting, and analgesia. Chewing gum, prokinetic agents, oral laxatives, and an early resumption to normal diet appear to aid faster return to normal bowel function. Further studies should compare anesthetic protocols, refine analgesia, and evaluate the importance of robot-assisted surgery and the need/ timing for drains and catheters. Conclusions: ERAS regimens are multidisciplinary, multimodal pathways that optimize postoperative recovery. Patient summary: This review provides an overview of the use and key elements of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery programs, which are multimodal, multidisciplinary care pathways that aim to optimize postoperative recovery. Additional conclusions include identifying effective procedures within Enhanced Recovery after Surgery programs and defining needs for future clinical trials. (C) 2016 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:176 / 187
页数:12
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