Elimination of lead from multi-component lead-nickel-cadmium solution using hyper-cross-linked polystyrene: Experimental and RSM modeling

In the present work, the hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) has fabricated in the Friedel-craft procedure as the adsorbent for elimination the metallic particles of the multi-component systems, and the response surface methodology (RSM) has utilized for maximized the uptake capacity and selectivity of lead ions. The different isotherm equations for the ternary solutions are utilized including Langmuir, Freundlich, Modified-Langmuir, IAST-Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Sips, in which the Freundlich was the best model for lead and cadmium ions, and Langmuir was the most suitable model for the nickel ions. Also, the RSM results showed that the optimum operation condition for maximized the lead uptake capacity were 80 mg/L of the initial metal concentration, temperature of 56.13 degrees C, and pH of 9. Under these optimized conditions, the uptake capacity of lead ion, selectivity of lead ion to the cadmium ion, and selectivity of lead ion to the nickel ion were 173.10 mg/g, 1.57, and 4.25, respectively. Finally, the mechanism of multicomponent was studied, and it has derived that the govern separation behavior of cations was connection of cations to the functional moieties.