The NANOGrav 12.5-year Data Set: Search for Non-Einsteinian Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-wave Background

被引：50

作者：

Arzoumanian, Zaven ^{[1
]}

Baker, Paul T. ^{[2
]}

Blumer, Harsha ^{[3
,4
]}

Becsy, Bence ^{[5
]}

Brazier, Adam ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Brook, Paul R. ^{[3
,4
]}

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ^{[3
,4
,9
]}

Charisi, Maria ^{[10
]}

Chatterjee, Shami ^{[6
,7
]}

Chen, Siyuan ^{[11
,12
,13
,14
]}

Cordes, James M. ^{[6
,7
]}

Cornish, Neil J. ^{[5
]}

Crawford, Fronefield ^{[15
]}

Cromartie, H. Thankful ^{[6
,7
]}

DeCesar, Megan E. ^{[16
,17
,18
]}

DeGan, Dallas M. ^{[19
]}

Demorest, Paul B. ^{[20
]}

Dolch, Timothy ^{[21
,22
]}

Drachler, Brendan ^{[23
,24
]}

Ellis, Justin A. ^{[25
]}

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ^{[26
,27
,28
]}

Fiore, William ^{[3
,4
]}

Fonseca, Emmanuel ^{[29
]}

Garver-Daniels, Nathan ^{[3
,4
]}

Gentile, Peter A. ^{[3
,4
]}

Good, Deborah C. ^{[30
]}

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ^{[31
]}

Holgado, A. Miguel ^{[32
,33
,34
,35
]}

Islo, Kristina ^{[36
]}

Jennings, Ross J. ^{[6
,7
]}

Jones, Megan L. ^{[36
]}

Kaiser, Andrew R. ^{[3
,4
]}

Kaplan, David L. ^{[36
]}

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ^{[37
]}

Key, Joey Shapiro ^{[31
]}

Laal, Nima ^{[19
]}

Lam, Michael T. ^{[23
,24
]}

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ^{[38
]}

Lorimer, Duncan R. ^{[3
,4
]}

Liu, Tingting ^{[36
]}

Luo, Jing ^{[39
]}

Lynch, Ryan S. ^{[40
]}

Madison, Dustin R. ^{[3
,4
]}

McEwen, Alexander ^{[36
]}

McLaughlin, Maura A. ^{[3
,4
]}

Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. ^{[41
,42
]}

Ng, Cherry ^{[43
]}

Nice, David J. ^{[16
]}

Olum, Ken D. ^{[44
]}

Pennucci, Timothy T. ^{[45
,46
]}

机构：

[1] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[2] Widener Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, One Univ Pl, Chester, PA 19013 USA

[3] West Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA

[4] West Virginia Univ, Ctr Gravitat Waves & Cosmol, Chestnut Ridge Res Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA

[5] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA

[6] Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[7] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[8] Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Adv Comp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[9] CIFAR, CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Toronto, ON, Canada

[10] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA

[11] Univ Orleans, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, CNRS,Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France

[12] UBFC, Dept Time & Frequency, FEMTO ST Inst Rech, F-25030 Besancon, France

[13] ENSMM, CNRS, F-25030 Besancon, France

[14] Univ Orleans, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, CNRS, LPC2E UMR7328, F-45071 Orleans, France

[15] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA

[16] Lafayette Coll, Dept Phys, Easton, PA 18042 USA

[17] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[18] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[19] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[20] Natl Radio Astron Observ, 1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA

[21] Hillsdale Coll, Dept Phys, 33 East Coll St, Hillsdale, MI 49242 USA

[22] Eureka Sci Inc, 2452 Delmer St,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602 USA

[23] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA

[24] Rochester Inst Technol, Lab Multiwavelength Astrophys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA

[25] Infinia ML, 202 Rigsbee Ave, Durham, NC 27701 USA

[26] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[27] NASA GSFC, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[28] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[29] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada

[30] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada

[31] Univ Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98011 USA

[32] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[33] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[34] Carnegie Mellon Univ, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA

[35] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA

[36] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Gravitat Cosmol & Astrophys, Dept Phys, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA

[37] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys CI, Evanston, IL 60208 USA

[38] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[39] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada

[40] Green Bank Observ, POB 2, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA

[41] Flatiron Inst, Ctr Computat Astrophys, 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA

[42] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, 196 Auditorium Rd,U-3046, Storrs, CT 06269 USA

[43] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada

[44] Tufts Univ, Tufts Inst Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, 574 Boston Ave, Medford, MA 02155 USA

[45] Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA

[46] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, Pazmany Ps 1-A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary

[47] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[48] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA

[49] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[50] Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2021年 / 923卷 / 02期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; TIMING ARRAY LIMITS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIATION; SYSTEMS; ASTROPHYSICS; CONSTRAINTS; COALESCENCE; EVOLUTION; SELECTION;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/ac401c

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We search NANOGrav's 12.5 yr data set for evidence of a gravitational-wave background (GWB) with all the spatial correlations allowed by general metric theories of gravity. We find no substantial evidence in favor of the existence of such correlations in our data. We find that scalar-transverse (ST) correlations yield signal-to-noise ratios and Bayes factors that are higher than quadrupolar (tensor-transverse, TT) correlations. Specifically, we find ST correlations with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.8 that are preferred over TT correlations (Hellings and Downs correlations) with Bayesian odds of about 20:1. However, the significance of ST correlations is reduced dramatically when we include modeling of the solar system ephemeris systematics and/or remove pulsar J0030 +0451 entirely from consideration. Even taking the nominal signal-to-noise ratios at face value, analyses of simulated data sets show that such values are not extremely unlikely to be observed in cases where only the usual TT modes are present in the GWB. In the absence of a detection of any polarization mode of gravity, we place upper limits on their amplitudes for a spectral index of gamma = 5 and a reference frequency of f(yr) =1 yr(-1). Among the upper limits for eight general families of metric theories of gravity, we find the values of A(TT)(95%)= (9.7 +/- 0.4) x 10(-16) and A(ST)(95%) = (1.4 +/- 0.03) x 10(-15) for the family of metric spacetime theories that contain both TT and ST modes.

引用

页数：18

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