Modeling carbon cycles and estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from organic and conventional farming systems

被引:83
|
作者
Kuestermann, Bjoern [1 ]
Kainz, Maximilian [1 ]
Huelsbergen, Kurt-Juergen [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Okol Landbau, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
关键词
carbon cycle; fanning system; modeling; global warming potential; C sequestration; greenhouse gas emissions; REPRO;
D O I
10.1017/S1742170507002062
中图分类号
S [农业科学];
学科分类号
09 ;
摘要
The paper describes the model software REPRO (REPROduction of soil fertility) designed for analyzing interlinked carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes in the system soil-plant-animal-environment. The model couples the balancing of C, N and energy fluxes with the target to estimate the climate-relevant CO2, CH4 and N2O sources and sinks of fanning systems. For the determination of the net greenhouse effect, calculations of C sequestration in the Soil, CO2 emissions from the use of fossil energy, CH4 emissions from livestock keeping and N2O emissions from the soil have been made. The results were converted into CO2 equivalents using its specific global warming potential (GWP). The model has been applied in the experimental farm Scheyem in southern Germany, which had been divided into an organic (org) and a conventional (con) farming system in 1992. Rather detailed series of long-term measuring data are available for the farm in Scheyern, which have been used for validating the software for its efficiency and applicability under very different management yet nearly equal site conditions. The organic farm is multi-structured with a legume-based crop rotation (N-2 fixation: 83 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). The livestock density (LSU =Livestock Unit according to FAO) is 1.4 LSU ha(-1). The farm is oriented on closed mass cycles; from the energetic point of view it represents a low-input system (energy input 4.5 GJ ha(-1) yr(-1)). The conventional farm is a simple-structured cash crop system, based on mineral N (N input 145 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). Regarding the energy consumption, the system is run on high inputs (energy input 14.0 GJ ha(-1) yr(-1)). The organic crop rotation reaches about 57% (8.3 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) of the DM yield, about 66% (163 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) of the N removal and roughly 56% (3741 kg ha(-1) yr(-1))of the C fixation of the conventional crop rotation. In the organic rotation, 18 GJ per GJ of fossil energy input are bound in the harvested biomass vis-a-vis 11.1 GJ in the conventional rotation. The strongest influence on the greenhouse effect is exerted by C sequestration and N2O emissions. In Scheyern, C sequestration has set in under organic management (+0.37 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)), while humus depletion has been recorded in the conventional system (-0.25 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)). Greenhouse gas emissions (GGEs) due to fuel consumption and the use of machines are nearly on the same level in both crop rotations. However, the conventional system emits an additional 637 kg CO2 eq ha(-1) yr(-1), which had been consumed in the manufacture of mineral N and pesticides in the upstream industry. Besides the analyses in the experimental farm Scheyern, the model has been applied in 28 commercial farms (18 org and 10 con) with comparable soil and climate conditions in the surroundings of Scheyern (mean distance 60 km). The program calculations are aimed at benchmarking the results obtained in the farming systems Scheyern; they are expected to disclose management-specific variations in the emission of climate-relevant gases and to rate the suitability of the model for describing such management-specific effects. In order to make the situation in the farms comparable, only the emissions from cropping systems were analyzed. Livestock keeping remained unconsidered. Due to lower N and energy inputs, clearly lower N2O and CO2 emissions were obtained for the organic farms than for the conventional systems. The analyses have shown possibilities for the optimization of management and the mitigation of GGE. Our findings underline that organic farming includes a high potential for C sequestration and the reduction of GGEs. Currently, the model REPRO is tested by 90 farms in the Federal Republic of Germany with the aim to apply it in the future not only in the field of research but also in the management of commercial farms.
引用
收藏
页码:38 / 52
页数:15
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [31] Effects of organic farming practices and salinity on yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a common bean crop
    Kontopoulou, Charis-Konstantina
    Bilalis, Dimitrios
    Pappa, Valentini A.
    Rees, Robert M.
    Savvas, Dimitrios
    SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE, 2015, 183 : 48 - 57
  • [32] Life cycle assessment in conventional rice farming system: Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions using cradle-to-gate approach
    Rahman, Mohammad Hariz Abdul
    Chen, Sau Soon
    Razak, Putri Razreena Abdul
    Abu Bakar, Nurul Ain
    Shahrun, Mohammad Shahid
    Zawawi, Norziana Zin
    Mujab, Azzami Adam Muhamad
    Abdullah, Fazlyzan
    Jumat, Fauzi
    Kamaruzaman, Rahiniza
    Saidon, Shamsul Amri
    Talib, Shaidatul Azdawiyah Abdul
    JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, 2019, 212 : 1526 - 1535
  • [33] Energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of farming systems in north Iran
    Mohammadi, Ali
    Rafiee, Shahin
    Jafari, Ali
    Keyhani, Alireza
    Mousavi-Avval, Seyed Hashem
    Nonhebel, Sanderine
    RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, 2014, 30 : 724 - 733
  • [34] Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Dairy Goat Farming Systems: Abatement Potential and Cost
    Sintori, Alexandra
    Tzouramani, Irene
    Liontakis, Angelos
    ANIMALS, 2019, 9 (11):
  • [35] Greenhouse gas emissions from organic waste composting
    Antoni Sánchez
    Adriana Artola
    Xavier Font
    Teresa Gea
    Raquel Barrena
    David Gabriel
    Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Monedero
    Asunción Roig
    María Luz Cayuela
    Claudio Mondini
    Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2015, 13 : 223 - 238
  • [36] Greenhouse gas emissions from organic waste composting
    Sanchez, Antoni
    Artola, Adriana
    Font, Xavier
    Gea, Teresa
    Barrena, Raquel
    Gabriel, David
    Angel Sanchez-Monedero, Miguel
    Roig, Asuncion
    Luz Cayuela, Maria
    Mondini, Claudio
    ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, 2015, 13 (03) : 223 - 238
  • [37] Greenhouse gas emissions from farmed organic soils
    Kasimir-Klemedtsson, A.
    Klemedtsson, L.
    Berglund, K.
    Martikainen, P.
    Soil Use and Management, 13 (04):
  • [38] Carbon pool in soil under organic and conventional farming systems
    Habova, Magdalena
    Pospisilova, Lubica
    Hlavinka, Petr
    Trnka, Miroslav
    Barancikova, Gabriela
    Tarasovicova, Zuzana
    Takac, Jozef
    Koco, Stefan
    Mensik, Ladislav
    Nerusil, Pavel
    SOIL AND WATER RESEARCH, 2019, 14 (03) : 145 - 152
  • [39] Direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions under conventional, organic, and conservation agriculture
    Fuentes Ponce, Mariela
    Gutierrez-Diaz, Jonatan
    Flores-Macias, Antonio
    Gonzalez-Ortega, Emmanuel
    Ponce Mendoza, Alejandro
    Rodriguez Sanchez, Luis Manuel
    Novotny, Ivan
    Moreno Espindola, Ivan Pavel
    AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT, 2022, 340
  • [40] Energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions in organic and conventional avocado orchards in Mexico
    Astier, Marta
    Merlin-Uribe, Yair
    Villamil-Echeverri, Laura
    Garciarreal, Alfredo
    Gavito, Mayra E.
    Masera, Omar R.
    ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS, 2014, 43 : 281 - 287