"Traditional" Sol-Gel Chemistry as a Powerful Tool for the Preparation of Supported Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts

The sol-gel method is an attractive synthetic approach in the design of advanced catalytic formulations that are based on metal and metal oxide with high degree of structural and compositional homogeneity. Nowadays, though it originated with the hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides, sol-gel chemistry gathers plenty of fascinating strategies to prepare materials from solution state precursors. Low temperature chemistry, reproducibility, and high surface to volume ratios of obtained products are features that add merit to this technology. The development of different and fascinating procedure was fostered by the availability of new molecular precursors, chelating agents and templates, with the great advantage of tailoring the physico-chemical properties of the materials through the manipulation of the synthesis conditions. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the traditional sol-gel synthesis of tailored and multifunctional inorganic materials and their application in the main domain of heterogeneous catalysis. One of the main achievements is to stress the versatility of sol-gel preparation by highlighting its advantage over other preparation methods through some specific examples of the synthesis of catalysts.