Green synthesis route for WS2 nanosheets using water intercalation

The exfoliation of layered materials has attracted a lot of attention in recent times. In this report, we have exfoliated WS2 in deionized water (without using any chemical solvents, surfactants, etc) using the thermal coefficient mismatch between WS2 and H2O along with other anomalous properties of water, such as the formation of five-, six- and seven-ring structures while freezing. Two different green synthesis routes have been proposed for WS2 exfoliation. We call them the 'hard' and 'soft' quenching methods. The nanosheets were investigated using different characterization tools and we found the exfoliation of the bulk into < 4 layers with an average lateral dimension of 200 nm. The exfoliation method is unique in the sense of producing pristine nanosheets due to the absence of any organic solvents, which are difficult to remove.