The MAREANO programme - A full coverage mapping of the Norwegian off-shore benthic environment and fauna

Information about the distribution, composition and status of the benthic environment and communities is important for the implementation of ecosystem-based management involving assessment of the effects of human activities. The MAREANO programme (Marine Areal Database for Norwegian Coasts and Sea Areas) conducts seabed mapping in order to fill knowledge gaps in relation to the implementation of management plans for the Norwegian EEZ. This paper describes the experience from the mapping strategy used by MAREANO. By using a variety of sampling gears the benthic environment and communities from all types of seabed are thoroughly documented. This involves the mapping of bottom topography, seabed substratum, pollutants, species composition, biomass and habitat forming vulnerable biota in a varied marine landscape. The area mapped from 2006 to 2013 is 131,000 km(2), spans depths ranging from 40 to 2700 m and covers a variety of topographic features including canyons, cold seeps and coral reefs. The information gained by this broad mapping approach has offered a unique insight into the diversity of benthic species and habitats. Through interpretation and classification of the information gained MAREANO scientists produce a database and detailed maps of seabed surficial geology, marine landscapes, biotopes and particularly sensitive and threatened habitats. Indicators of human impact, such as pollutants, trawl marks and marine litter are also presented on maps. Experience from 8 years of detailed mapping shows the necessity of thorough mapping for informed management decision-making.