Resident participation in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a comparison of outcomes from the ACS-NSQIP database

As clinical outcome data are increasingly tied to hospital reimbursement, balancing quality care with training of surgical residents has become critical. We used the ACS-NSQIP database to determine impact of resident participation in laparoscopic gastric bypass on 30-day morbidity and mortality. We queried the ACS-NSQIP database from 1/2005 to 12/2012 for laparoscopic gastric bypass, dividing cases between those with or without resident involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were assessed. A sub-analysis was performed to address whether different resident training levels affected outcomes. A total of 43,477 laparoscopic gastric bypass cases were available for analysis; 22,189 had resident involvement (resident = R), and 21,288 did not (no resident = NR). Preoperative characteristics were similar between groups. On multivariate analysis, procedures with resident assistance had increased risk of the following complications: superficial site infection (R = 2.1 vs. 1.5 %, p < 0.001), renal failure (R = 0.4 vs. NR = 0.3 %, p = 0.002), urinary tract infection (R = 1.1 vs. 0.9 %, p = 0.027), and sepsis (R = 0.8 vs. NR = 0.6 %, p = 0.019). Increased operative time in the resident group (29 min, p < 0.0001) demonstrated direct linear association with resident trainee level. There was no statistical difference in the incidences of the following: pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, deep surgical site infection, organ space infection, pneumonia, unplanned intubation, mechanical ventilation > 48 h, septic shock, cardiac arrest, return to the operating room, or mortality. Resident participation in laparoscopic gastric bypass was associated with statistically significant, but clinically insignificant increase in incidence of superficial site infection, renal failure, readmission rate, and length of stay. Therefore, although resident participation in laparoscopic gastric bypass is associated with significantly increased operative time, it does not lead to increased mortality and has no clinically significant effect on morbidity.